VSE Corporation (VSEC) Cash Flow Statement
Where VSEC’s cash came from and went, 2025
December 31, 2025 · U.S. dollars- Cash from operations
- $27.0M
- Capital expenditures
- $21.3M 1.9% of revenue
- Free cash flow
- $5.7M 0.5% margin
- Returned to shareholders
- $8.3M 145% of free cash flow
- Change in cash
- $40.3M cash at year-end $69.4M
Drawn to scale: where the cash came from and how it was used. Hover for values.
VSEC operating cash flow, capex and free cash flow
VSEC cash flow trends, 2016–2025
| Metric | Trend | Then | Latest | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating cash flow | $47.2M2016 | $27.0M2025 | −6.0%/yr | |
| Capital expenditures | $6.5M2016 | $21.3M2025 | +14.0%/yr | |
| Free cash flow | $40.6M2016 | $5.7M2025 | −19.6%/yr | |
| Free cash flow margin | 5.9%2016 | 0.5%2025 | −5.4 pts | |
| Operating cash flow / net income | 1.762016 | 0.502025 | −1.26 | |
| Stock-based compensation | $2.1M2016 | $13.1M2025 | +22.5%/yr | |
| Dividends paid | $2.5M2016 | $8.3M2025 | +14.3%/yr | |
| Share buybacks (net) | $499,0002016 | $1.1M2023 | +12.1%/yr | |
| Capex / revenue | 0.9%2016 | 1.9%2025 | +1.0 pts |
Change is the average annual growth (CAGR) or the difference between the first and latest year.
VSEC cash flow by activity
VSEC net income vs operating cash flow
Operating cash flow above net income usually means earnings are backed by cash (depreciation and stock-based pay are non-cash expenses).
VSEC cash flow statement
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating activities | ||||||||||
| Net income | $53.5M | $15.3M | $39.1M | $28.1M | $8.0M | −$5.2M | $37.0M | $35.1M | $39.1M | $26.8M |
| Depreciation & amortization | $39.9M | $28.8M | $23.4M | $25.6M | $25.6M | $24.1M | $26.9M | $25.2M | $25.9M | $26.0M |
| Stock-based compensation | $13.1M | $8.3M | $7.7M | $4.5M | $3.9M | $2.9M | $3.3M | $3.0M | $3.1M | $2.1M |
| Change in working capital | −$113.1M | −$106.9M | −$92.4M | −$50.1M | −$75.1M | −$22.1M | −$50.6M | −$41.4M | −$7.1M | −$5.3M |
| Other non-cash items | $33.6M | $23.4M | $307,000 | $77,000 | $20.0M | $36.0M | $1.4M | −$3.1M | −$10.5M | −$2.5M |
| Cash from operating activities | $27.0M | −$31.0M | −$21.8M | $8.1M | −$17.6M | $35.8M | $18.0M | $18.9M | $50.4M | $47.2M |
| Investing activities | ||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | −$21.3M | −$20.7M | −$18.7M | −$11.2M | −$10.5M | −$4.4M | −$9.6M | −$3.1M | −$3.7M | −$6.5M |
| Investments (net) | — | −$263.7M | −$227.1M | $8.8M | $2.9M | $20.2M | −$122.8M | −$1.3M | −$3.0M | −$6.5M |
| Acquisitions & other investing | −$255.2M | $20.7M | $10.1M | $0 | −$54.0M | $4.4M | $9.6M | $3.1M | $3.7M | $6.5M |
| Cash from investing activities | −$276.5M | −$263.7M | −$235.7M | −$2.4M | −$61.6M | $20.2M | −$122.8M | −$1.3M | −$3.0M | −$6.5M |
| Financing activities | ||||||||||
| Dividends paid | −$8.3M | −$7.1M | −$5.4M | −$5.1M | −$4.4M | −$4.0M | −$3.7M | −$3.3M | −$2.8M | −$2.5M |
| Share repurchases & issuance (net) | — | — | −$1.1M | $899,000 | $491.6M | −$690,000 | −$955,000 | −$641,000 | −$500,000 | −$499,000 |
| Net borrowing (repayment) | −$136.2M | −$500,000 | $144.4M | $763,000 | $32.5M | −$20.0M | $110.1M | −$14.1M | −$42.6M | −$19.5M |
| Shares issued | $442.2M | $326.0M | $130.0M | $899,000 | $52.0M | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Other financing | −$7.9M | −$2.6M | −$2.8M | −$3.2M | −$492.2M | −$31.7M | $0 | $0 | −$1.3M | −$18.5M |
| Cash from financing activities | $289.8M | $315.8M | $265.0M | −$5.7M | $79.4M | −$56.3M | $105.4M | −$18.0M | −$47.2M | −$41.0M |
| Summary | ||||||||||
| Net change in cash | $40.3M | $21.1M | $7.5M | −$40,000 | $140,000 | −$356,000 | $572,000 | −$462,000 | $196,000 | −$312,000 |
| Cash at end of period | $69.4M | $29.0M | $7.9M | $478,000 | $518,000 | $378,000 | $734,000 | $162,000 | $624,000 | $428,000 |
| Free cash flow | $5.7M | −$51.7M | −$40.5M | −$3.2M | −$28.1M | $31.3M | $8.4M | $15.7M | $46.7M | $40.6M |
| Free cash flow margin | 0.5% | −4.8% | −4.7% | −0.5% | −3.7% | 4.7% | 1.1% | 2.3% | 6.1% | 5.9% |
| Capex / revenue | 1.9% | 1.9% | 2.2% | 1.7% | 1.4% | 0.7% | 1.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.9% |
| Operating cash flow / net income | 0.50 | −2.03 | −0.56 | 0.29 | −2.21 | — | 0.49 | 0.54 | 1.29 | 1.76 |
| Jun '26 | Mar '26 | Dec '25 | Sep '25 | Jun '25 | Mar '25 | Dec '24 | Sep '24 | Jun '24 | Mar '24 | Dec '23 | Sep '23 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating activities | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $28.5M | $29.1M | $22.3M | $3.6M | $3.2M | −$9.0M | $13.1M | −$7.1M | −$2.8M | $12.1M | $12.8M | $9.6M |
| Depreciation & amortization | $24.0M | $12.7M | $10.9M | $10.2M | $9.6M | $9.9M | $8.4M | $7.5M | $6.9M | $5.9M | $6.0M | $5.5M |
| Stock-based compensation | $4.1M | $4.6M | $2.9M | $3.2M | $3.1M | $3.5M | $1.8M | $1.7M | $2.3M | $2.5M | $1.9M | $1.9M |
| Change in working capital | −$37.9M | −$113.5M | −$7.6M | $385,000 | −$26.3M | −$79.6M | $29.4M | −$7.5M | −$34.0M | −$94.7M | $8.7M | −$2.6M |
| Other non-cash items | $8.9M | $4.8M | $9.1M | $6.7M | $22.2M | $28.5M | $2.8M | $15.5M | $10.0M | −$4.9M | −$1.5M | $962,000 |
| Cash from operating activities | $27.6M | −$62.3M | $37.6M | $24.1M | $11.9M | −$46.6M | $55.4M | $10.2M | −$17.5M | −$79.1M | $27.9M | $15.3M |
| Investing activities | ||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | −$8.9M | −$6.5M | −$6.8M | −$6.0M | −$5.6M | −$2.9M | −$3.3M | −$5.8M | −$3.9M | −$7.7M | −$7.9M | −$4.7M |
| Investments (net) | — | — | — | −$6.1M | $82.7M | −$129,000 | −$176.1M | −$5.7M | −$115.2M | $33.4M | −$7.8M | −$211.6M |
| Acquisitions & other investing | −$1.76B | −$20.6M | −$346.2M | $6.0M | $5.6M | $2.9M | $3.3M | $5.8M | $3.9M | $7.7M | $7.9M | $4.7M |
| Cash from investing activities | −$1.77B | −$27.1M | −$353.0M | −$6.1M | $82.7M | −$129,000 | −$176.1M | −$5.7M | −$115.2M | $33.4M | −$7.8M | −$211.6M |
| Financing activities | ||||||||||||
| Dividends paid | −$2.8M | −$2.3M | −$2.1M | −$2.1M | −$2.1M | −$2.1M | −$2.0M | −$1.8M | −$1.6M | −$1.6M | −$1.6M | −$1.3M |
| Share repurchases & issuance (net) | — | — | — | −$829,000 | — | −$4.2M | — | $2.5M | −$466,000 | −$2.1M | −$286.3M | $287.4M |
| Net borrowing (repayment) | $1.03B | −$1.9M | −$63.5M | −$23.3M | −$84.0M | $34.5M | −$20.5M | −$13.5M | — | — | — | — |
| Shares issued | $219,000 | $829.5M | $441.7M | $0 | $463,000 | $0 | $164.3M | $1,000 | $161.7M | $0 | $454,000 | $129.1M |
| Other financing | −$452.2M | $434.2M | −$203,000 | $0 | −$2.6M | $0 | $125,000 | −$2.8M | −$18.4M | $51.9M | $254.4M | −$202.4M |
| Cash from financing activities | $577.6M | $1.26B | $375.9M | −$26.2M | −$88.2M | $28.2M | $141.9M | −$15.6M | $141.2M | $48.3M | −$33.1M | $212.8M |
| Summary | ||||||||||||
| Net change in cash | −$1.16B | $1.17B | $60.6M | −$8.1M | $6.4M | −$18.5M | $21.1M | −$11.1M | $8.4M | $2.8M | −$12.9M | $16.5M |
| Cash at end of period | $75.4M | $1.24B | $69.4M | $8.8M | $16.9M | $10.5M | $29.0M | $7.9M | $19.0M | $10.6M | $7.8M | $20.8M |
| Free cash flow | $18.7M | −$68.7M | $30.9M | $18.0M | $6.3M | −$49.5M | $52.1M | $4.4M | −$21.5M | −$86.8M | $20.1M | $10.7M |
| Free cash flow margin | 4.2% | −21.2% | 10.3% | 6.4% | 2.3% | −19.3% | 17.4% | 2.2% | −11.1% | −53.4% | 8.5% | 4.6% |
| Capex / revenue | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.2% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 2.8% | 2.0% | 4.8% | 3.3% | 2.0% |
| Operating cash flow / net income | 0.97 | −2.14 | 1.69 | 6.71 | 3.72 | — | 4.24 | — | — | −6.53 | 2.18 | 1.60 |
Negative numbers are cash paid out. Quarterly columns are labeled by the month the quarter ended. Figures in U.S. dollars as reported; data from EODHD.
VSEC cash generation
In fiscal 2025 (ended December 31, 2025), VSE generated $27.0 million of cash from operations and spent $21.3 million on capital expenditures, leaving free cash flow of $5.7 million, 0.5% of revenue. It returned $8.3 million to shareholders through dividends ($8.3 million) and net share buybacks ($0). Cash and equivalents rose by $40.3 million over the year.
Related: VSEC income statement, VSEC balance sheet, VSEC dividend history. See the VSEC stock overview for the latest quote and news.
VSEC cash flow FAQ
What is VSE's free cash flow?
VSE's free cash flow was $5.7 million in fiscal 2025: $27.0 million of operating cash flow minus $21.3 million of capital expenditures It was -$51.7 million a year earlier..
How much cash does VSE generate from operations?
VSE generated $27.0 million of cash from operating activities in fiscal 2025, 0.50 times its net income of $53.5 million.
How much does VSE spend on capital expenditures?
VSE spent $21.3 million on capital expenditures in fiscal 2025, 1.9% of revenue, compared with $20.7 million the year before.
How much does VSE pay in dividends?
VSE paid $8.3 million in dividends in fiscal 2025, 144.7% of free cash flow.